Problems
and Role of Ecological Insurance in Decreasing of Technogenic Risks.
A. I. Gritsenko, N. S. Belov, and E. B. Bukhgalter, VNIIGAZ, Moscow, Russia;
and V. V. Lesnykh, SEI RAS, Moscow, Russia
In
accordance with the State concept of switching to the model of stable
development, in Russia ecological insurance, as insurance of responsibility for
polluting environment by dint of damages at industrial enterprises is being
introduced.
A
thorough analysis of social and economic prerequisites for implementing the
ecological prerequisites for implementing the ecological insurance system in gas
industry in Russia has been carried out. The analysis and evaluation of the
negative impact of the oil and gas complex on the environment revealed extremely
high outlays falling at emergency situations.
Specific
features of gas industry facilities in terms of ecological insurance
predetermined the necessity of substantiation of new, differentiated by
territories, approaches and principles in evaluation of ecological risks, The
implied mechanism of interrelations of insurance companies and enterprises as
potential sources of environmental pollution ensures the positive role of
insurance in the issue of reduction and prevention of technogenic damages.
The
paramount stage of proceeding is solving this problem is the large scale
ecological auditing of RAO Gazprom failings carried out by us, its results being
used as data basis for gradation of facilities according to their level of
noxiousness for environment, and for defining the terms of insurance.
The
considered in the paper models and methods of economical evaluation of damage
imply a certain projection of the real ecological damage on economical and
social conditions and relations.
The
offered mathematical model of financial state of the insurance company enable to
appraise the dynamics of deposit and credit accounts depending on the kind of
insured risks, reserve fund, terms of insurance and reinsurance. The probability
of a company's bankruptcy (level of unprofitability) by the insured risk is
considered as an appraisal criterion.
The paper also deals with organizational aspects of the task implementation, relating to ensurance of fulfilling of regulating, stimulating and compensating functions of the insurance process itself as a new sort of enterprising activity in the sphere of ecological risks reduction.
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