Adaptation to Chronic Radiation Exposure and Risk of Lymphoid Cells Proliferation. Dimitry Bazyka, M.D., Head of Laboratory of Immunocytology, Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Nadezhda Beliaeva, M.D., Senior Scientist, Laboratory of Immunocytology, Research Center for Radiation Medicine, and Marianna Azarskova, M.D., Junior scientist, Laboratory of Immunocytology, Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 53, Melnikov str., Kiev, 252050, Ukraine, telephone 38 (044) 431 9838, fax 38 (044) 213 72 02, e-mail bazyka@mail.kar.net
On the system level immune cells changes in personnel of the exclusion zone could be explained by the stage development of adaptation process and a response to the chronic influence of the stress-factors. Data which were obtained in the study of chronic low-dose irradiation effects in personnel of Chernobyl nuclear power plant and exclusion zone supported the previously obtained preliminary results about the possibility of orientation phase transformation to the training phase without stress and the final exhaustion phase development. Immune cells phenotypic and functional changes could be formed similarly with those of the adaptation stress reactions breakdown phase.
In personnel of the exclusion zone combination of direct irradiation influence on the immune cells critical components with non-specific reactions which were the signs of the response reactions development was seen. Estimation of the direct irradiation effects such as variant T-cells counts revealed differences from the standard ‘dose-effect’ dependency elaborated for the short-term irradiation. Efforts to establish the corresponding model for chronic exposure have to be made at this stage.
Stages of immune system response to chronic exposure also included differentiation changes with presence in peripheric blood of immature cells, impaired suppressor function and activated DNA synthesis with elevated G1-S cell counts, gd T cell proliferation, which is reported to reflect specific response to tumor-associated antigens. Relationship of these changes with monoclonal lymphoid cells proliferation has to be estimated. Investigation of p53 and adhesion molecules expression (CDw49, CD11a/CD18, CD50, CD54) which play role in cell migration, growth and differentiation seems to be useful in elevated risk patients selection.
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