At objective valuation of radiation risk the experts use such concepts, as the probability of occurrence of radiation failure, probability of pollution of radiation environment, opportunity of occurrence exposure of separate groups of population etc. In frameworks accepted JCRP dependence "the doze-response relationship" the risk is also considered as the probability of occurrence adverse or dangerous for health of person of consequences at additional radiation exposure.

The task of given research consisted in definition of understanding by population of Russia of radiation risk and in analysis of factors, which influenced the formation of perception of radiation risk by population in changes for years after Chernobyl accident. The method of research was questioning of representative groups of population (number from 500 to 1500 person in different years of observation) and data processing of interrogations with attractions of standard programme statistical maintenance.

The questions in questionnaire were formulated in such a manner that permitted to evaluate on a 5-point scale the degree distress of population due to Chernobyl accident. The dissemination of psychological anxiety in connection with radiation was characterized by relative number of persons with the high levels of perseption of radiation risk.

The researches have shown, that the perception of radiation risk is a complex of temporary function of influence of such factors, as condition (change of radiation conditions and introduction of protective measures), communication (degree of trust to sources of information, completeness, timely, availability and oth), social and economic (change of social structure and economic situation in separate districts and in the state as a whole), political (stability of authority, internal and external policy), geographical (vicinity to polluted territories). Have the large significance subjective characteristics of groups of population - sex, age, education, availability of children, personal nature. Each of objective factors changed during 7 years on - different in any moment of time and the contributions of them in perception of risk were various.

The population of polluted territories in 90 % of cases, and population of "clean" territories in 40 % of cases have the subjective perseption of radiation risk in many time above to real level of pollution; however alarm and anxiety of population is not connected with sizes of dozes of irradiation or with pollution of radiation. So, with current of time (through 7 years after accident) inhabitants from polluted territories have not so height level of anxiety than inhabitants of non polluted territories side by side.

Nevertheless, it is possible to make the common conclusion, that the population have the subjective perception of radiation risk, as well as risk from Chernobyl accident as a whole, basically as the threat to their health and health of the children and other relatives. The contribution this component in perception of radiation risk - 75 % as for resettled population, as for population polluted and side by side territories. The contribution of other component (social and economic) does not exceed 25%.