Cancer Risk and Noncancer Hazard Associated with Essential Nutrient Dietary Intake Values. A. M. Wiman, K. B. Weller, K. A. Frantzen, and C. A. Williams, Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc.
The National Academy Press (NAP) recently published a report presenting a comprehensive set of age-specific dietary reference values for essential nutrient intake for healthy U.S. and Canadian populations. Included in the report are updated values for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), Tolerable Upper Intakes Levels (UL), Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), as well the range of average or usual intakes of nutrients across age groups. Of particular interest to risk assessors are dietary reference values presented for arsenic, chromium, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc. Since these metals are naturally-occurring in soil, they are routinely detected in samples collected for site investigation purposes , and as a result are frequently selected as chemicals of potential concern to be addressed in the site risk assessment. Daily intake per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg-day) can be calculated for available nutritional reference values. Daily intakes may also be used to determine soil concentrations that are associated with RDAs, AIs, ULs, and EARs. This is accomplished by rearranging the standard default EPA soil ingestion exposure equation and solving for the concentration of a particular metal in soil. These dietary reference-based soil concentrations can be compared to soil concentrations calculated on the basis of EPA references doses (RfDs) and cancer slope factors to provide perspective when addressing hazards and risks associated with these metals in a site risk assessment.
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