| Appendix | |
| Table of Contents for Volume 2 of | |
| the Commission's Final Report |
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
2. Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management
3. Risk Management and Regulatory Decision-Making
Communicating and Comparing Risks
Identifying Risk Communication Needs
Communicating About Risk by Comparing Different Kinds of Risk
Need for a Common Metric
Comparative Risk Analysis for Risk Management
Priority-Setting
Risk-Based Priorities and Resource Allocation
Strategies for Managing Risk
Risk Management Options: Alternatives to Command and Control
Bright Lines and Regulatory Standards for Risk Management
Judicial Review of Regulatory Decisions to Manage Risk
Premature Interruption of the Administrative Process
The Nature and Extent of Judicial Review
Standard for Judicial Review
Alternatives to Increased Judicial Review
4. Uses and Limitations of Risk Assessment for Risk Management Decision-Making
Toxicity Assessment
Using Rodent Tests to Predict Human Cancer Risk
Evaluating Chemical Mixtures
Exposure Assessment
Design of Exposure Assessments to Meet Risk Management Goals
Using Realistic Exposure Scenarios
Identifying High-Risk Populations
Ecological Risk Assessment
Environmental Hazards Other Than Chemicals
Risks from Radiation Hazards
Risks from Microorganisms
Risk Characterization
Effective Risk Characterization to Support Decision-Making
Characterizing the Uncertainty Associated with Risk Estimates
Value of Obtaining Additional Information
5. Uses and Limitations of Economic Analysis for Risk Management Decision-Making
Benefit-Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Useful Roles in Regulatory Decision-Making
Distributions of Costs and Benefits
Uncertainty and Inconsistency in Economic Analysis
Characterizing the Uncertainty Associated with Cost and Benefit Estimates
Inconsistencies in Monetary Valuation of Benefits
Linking Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis
6. The Role of Peer Review in Regulatory Decision-Making
Improving the Quality of Regulatory Decisions
The Conduct and Effectiveness of Peer Review
Evaluating the Use of Peer Review and of Scientific and Economic Analysis in Regulatory Decision-Making
7. Recommendations for Specific Regulatory Agencies and Programs
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Superfund
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office of Water
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Food and Drug Administration
Department of Agriculture
Department of Energy
Department of Defense
References
Glossary
Appendices
A.1 Biographies of Commission Members
A.2 Mandate of the Commission
A.3 Comments on Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment
A.4 Individuals and Organizations Who Presented Testimony at Commission Meetings
A.5 Individuals who provided comments on the Commission’s June 1996 Draft Report
A.6 Abstracts of Reports Prepared at the Invitation of the Commission
A.7 Federal Agency Risk Assessment and Risk Management Practices