Resources

The following reports and organizations can provide additional information on the conduct and application of risk assessment, risk management, and risk-based decision-making.

Reports

Albert, R.E. 1994. Carcinogen risk assessment in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 24:74-85

American Industrial Health Council (AIHC). 1993. Ecological Risk Assessment: Sound Science Makes Good Business Sense. Washington, DC

Arrow, K.J., Cropper, M.L., Eads, G.C., Hahn, R.W., Lave, L.B., Noll, R.G., Portney, P.R., Russell, M., Schmalensee, R., Smith, V.K., and Stavins, R.N. 1996. Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation. A Statement of Principles. Sponsored by the Annapolis Center, the American Enterprise Institute, and Resources for the Future. Washington, DC

Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). 1978. Environmental Management Plan for the San Francisco Bay Area. Berkeley, CA

Burke, T.A., Shalauta, N.M., and Tran, N.L. 1995. Strengthening the role of public health in environmental policy. Policy Studies Journal 23:76-84

Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. 1993. Risk and the Environment. Improving Regulatory Decision-Making. New York, NY

Chess, C., Salomone, K.L., Hance, B.J., and Saville, A. 1995. Results of a national symposium on risk communication: Next steps for government agencies. Risk Analysis 15:115-125

Council for Excellence in Government. 1996. National Public Opinion Survey. Prepared by Peter Hart and Robert Teeter, Inc. Washington, DC

Faustman, E.M. and Omenn, G.S. 1995. Risk Assessment. Chapter 4. In: C.D. Klaassen, ed. Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill: New York, pp. 75-88

Goldman, L.R. 1995. Environmental risk assessment and national policy: Keeping the process fair, effective, and affordable. University of Cincinnati Law Review 63:1533-1551

Health Effects Institute (HEI). 1996. The Potential Health Effects of Oxygenates Added to Gasoline: A Review of the Current Literature. A Special Report. Cambridge, MA

Goldstein, B.D. 1996. Risk assessment as an indicator for decision making. In: Risks, Costs, and Lives Saved: Getting Better Results from Regulation, ed. Oxford University Press. New York, NY

Ikeda, M. 1988. Multiple exposure to chemicals. Regulatory Toxicolology and Pharmacology 8:414-421

Jasanoff, S. 1996. The dilemma of environmental democracy. Issues in Science and Technology. Fall:63-70

Lave, L.B., Ennever, F.K., Rosenkranz, H.S., and Omenn, G.S. 1988. Information value of the rodent bioassay. Nature 336:631-633

McGinnis, J.M. and Foege, W.H. 1993. Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 270:2207-2212

Morgan, M.G., Fischoff, B., Bostrom, A., Lave, L., and Atman, C.J. 1992. Communicating risk to the public. Environmental Science and Technology 26:2048-2056

National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA). 1995. Setting Priorities, Getting Results: A New Direction for EPA. Washington, DC

National Commission on the Environment. 1992. Choosing a Sustainable Future. World Wildlife Federation. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1988. Complex Mixtures. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1989. Improving Risk Communication. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1993. Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Building Consensus Through Risk Assessment. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

National Research Council (NRC). 1996. Understanding Risk. Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society. National Academy Press. Washington, DC

North, D.W., Selker, F.K., and Guardino, T. 1992. Estimating the Value of Research: An Illustrative Calculation for Ingested Inorganic Arsenic. Decision Focus Inc. Report. Mountain View, CA

Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1995. Gauging Control Technology and Regulatory Impact in Occupational Safety and Health—An Appraisal of OSHA’s Analytic Approach. OTA-ENV635. Washington, DC

Omenn, G.S. 1996. Putting environmental risks in a public health context. Public Health Reports 111:514-516

Omenn, G.S. and Faustman, E. 1997. Risk assessment, risk communication, and risk management. In: R. Detels, W. Holland, J. McEwen, and G.S. Omenn, eds. Oxford Textbook of Public Health. Third Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK, pp. 969-986

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1996. Environmental Performance Reviews: United States. Paris, France

President’s Council on Sustainable Development (PCSD). 1996. Sustainable America. A New Consensus for Prosperity, Opportunity, and a Healthy Environment for the Future. Washington, DC

Richards, M. 1993. Siting Industrial Facilities. Lessons from the Social Science Literature. Presented at the Fifth Annual International Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. Environmental Decision-Making. New York City. March 26-28

Ruckelshaus, W.D. 1995. Stopping the pendulum. The Environmental Forum. Nov./Dec., pp. 25-29

Slovic, P. 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236:280-285

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 1995. Risks and the Risk Debate: Searching for Common Ground. Office of Environmental Management. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1987. The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study. Summary and Analysis. EPA/600/6-87/002a. Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring and Quality Assurance. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1987. Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment of Environmental Problems. Office of Policy Analysis. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Reducing Risk: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection. Science Advisory Board. SAB-EC-90-0021. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1992. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Federal Register 57(May 29):22888-22938

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1992. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-92/001. Risk Assessment Forum. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1992. Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible Decisions. Report of the Expert Panel on the Role of Science at EPA. EPA/600/9-91/050. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study. Ann Arbor, MI

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. A Review of Ecological Assessment Case Studies from a Risk Assessment Perspective. Risk Assessment Forum. EPA630-R-92-005. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1995. Guidance for Risk Characterization. Science Policy Council. Washington, DC

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1996. Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. EPA/600/P-92/003C. Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1996. Peer Review. EPA’s Implementation Remains Uneven. GAO/RCED-96-236. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division. Washington, DC

Organizations

U.S. EPA Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) Publications
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Phone Number: 513-569-7562

• Distributes brochures, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and manuals based on the scientific and technical environmental information produced by EPA.

U.S. EPA Public Information Center (PIC)
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone Number: 202-260-2080 or 202-260-7751

• Distributes a wide variety of general, nontechnical information about EPA and its programs.

USDA-ARS-HRS/MOB
Agriculture Resource Service
Human Resource Division
1400 Independence Avenue, SW
Stop 0308
Washington, DC 20250-0308
Phone Number: 202-720-6539
(or see your local directory for your local or county extension agent)

• Provides education in wastewater and other environmental subjects for local officials and residents.

International City/County Management Association
777 North Capitol Street, NE, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20002
Phone Number: 202-289-4262

• Provides information and training for local governments on a variety of issues. Sets up peer matches for people to learn from one another.

Northeast Center for Comparative Risk
Vermont Law School
P.O. Box 96
Chelsea Street
South Royalton, VT 05068
Phone Number: 802-763-8303
   or
Western Center for Comparative Risk
5398 Manhattan Circle
Boulder, CO 80303
Phone Number: 303-494-6393

• Both work with EPA to help states and cities use comparative risk analysis. Can provide small communities with publications on comparing environmental risks.

National Association of Towns and Townships
1522 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005
Phone Number: 202-624-3550

• Offers educational services, technical assistance programs, and public policy support to local governments.

National Environmental Training Center
West Virginia University
P.O. Box 6064
Morgantown, WV 26506
Phone Number: 800-624-8301

• Develops training materials on water, wastewater, and solid waste issues.

Small Towns Environment Program
The Rensselaerville Institute
Rensselaerville, NY 12147
Phone Number: 518-797-3783

• Helps small towns solve water and wastewater problems. Provides tools for local action, self-help approaches to design and construction, nonbureaucratic low-interest loans, and technical support.

Solid Waste Association of North America
P.O. Box 7219
Silver Spring, MD 20907
Phone Number: 301-585-2898

• Works to improve solid waste management services to the public and industry via training, education, technical assistance, and technology transfer. Also maintains information on local government issues as they relate to solid and hazardous waste management.

Control Technology Center (CTC) Hotline
Phone Number: 919-541-0800

• Provides technical support and information on air pollution emissions and control technology.

Emissions Measurement Technical Information Center
Phone Number: 919-541-1060

• Provides information on air emissions testing methods and federal testing and monitoring requirements.

Air Risk Hotline
Phone Number: 919-541-0888

• Provides information on aspects of air risk.

National Response Center
Phone Number: 800-424-8802

• Receives notification of oil, hazardous chemical, biological, and radiological releases, and passes them on to a federal on-scene coordinator, who coordinates cleanup efforts.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)/Superfund/Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Hotline
Phone Number: 800-424-9346 or 800-535-0202
or 703-412-9810

• Provides general assistance and information on solid and hazardous waste management and on EPCRA.

Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse
Phone Number: 202-260-1023

• Provides technical, policy, programmatic, legislative, and financial information about reducing industrial pollutants.

Clean Lakes Clearinghouse
Phone Number: 800-726-5253

• Provides information on lake and watershed restoration, protection, and management.

Safe Drinking Water Hotline
Phone Number: 800-426-4791

• Assists public water systems and the public with their understanding of the regulations and programs developed in response to the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 (and is presumably updating information for the reauthorized act).

Wetlands Information Hotline
Phone Number: 800-832-7828

• Responds to requests for information about the value and functions of wetlands and options for their protection.

Inform, Inc.
120 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005
Phone Number: 212-361-2400

• Provides reports on practical solutions for problems in municipal solid waste, chemical hazards, air quality, and alternative vehicle fuels.